什么是 IPSW 固件？
IPSW 固件是苹果官方的一种恢复固件，也叫刷机包，早期在 iPhone、iPad、等上面广泛应用，在 Mac 开始用自家芯片 M1 开始，官方也开始对 Mac 产品放出 IPSW 固件，不同于普通镜像文件需要做成 U 盘来安装（2018年开始 Mac 增加了 T2 安全芯片，它默认禁用了外置启动权限，没有 Mac OS 系统的 Mac 是无法对它进行开启操作），它则使用另一台装有 Apple Configurator 2 软件来对 Mac 来进行恢复操作，用于在线恢复失败等场景。
如果你的Apple 芯片电脑崩溃的连 RecoveryOS 恢复模式都无法进入的的话，那你是无法在线重装系统和使用U盘来重装系统，Apple 芯片的Mac需要通过Apple Configurator 2 进行修复RecoveryOS 固件并重装或恢复系统。
M1/M2 芯片的电脑在线升级或者在线重装还是会遗留很多系统权限问题，比如别的M1/M2都能打开的安装软件，你的M1/M2打开时候会提示“应用程序“XX”无法打开。”等各种奇葩问题！使用Apple Configurator 2 进行刷机才能彻底真正重装系统，可以解决掉很多系统权限奇葩问题。
1、Sonoma Final IPSW 固件
| macOS Sonoma Beta IPSW 下载地址 | Version | Release |
| UniversalMac_14.0_23A344_Restore.ipsw | 14.0 | 9/21/23 |
2. Sonoma Beta IPSW 固件
| macOS Sonoma Beta IPSW 下载地址 | Version | Release |
| UniversalMac_14.0_23A344_Restore.ipsw | RC2 | 9/21/23 |
| UniversalMac_14.0_23A339_Restore.ipsw | RC | 9/12/23 |
| UniversalMac_14.0_23A5337a_Restore.ipsw | Dev 7 Pub 4 | 8/30/23 |
| UniversalMac_14.0_23A5328b_Restore.ipsw | Dev 6 Pub 3 | 8/22/23 |
| UniversalMac_14.0_23A5312d_Restore.ipsw | Dev 5 | 8/08/23 |
| UniversalMac_14.0_23A5301h_Restore.ipsw | Dev 4 Pub 2 | 7/31/23 |
| UniversalMac_14.0_23A5286i_Restore.ipsw | Public 1 | 7/11/23 |
| UniversalMac_14.0_23A5286g_Restore.ipsw | Dev 3 | 7/5/23 |
| UniversalMac_14.0_23A5276g_Restore.ipsw | Dev 2 | 6/21/23 |
| Beta 1 available on developer.apple.com only | Dev 1 |
3. Ventura Final M1 IPSW 固件
| macOS Ventura Final IPSW 下载地址 | Signed | Release |
| UniversalMac_13.6_22G120_Restore.ipsw | YES | 9/21/23 |
| UniversalMac_13.5.2_22G91_Restore.ipsw | YES | 9/07/23 |
| UniversalMac_13.5.1_22G90_Restore.ipsw | YES | 8/17/23 |
| UniversalMac_13.5_22G74_Restore.ipsw | YES | 7/24/23 |
| UniversalMac_13.4.1_22F82_Restore.ipsw | YES | 6/21/23 |
| UniversalMac_13.4.1_22F2083_Restore.ipsw | NOTE! | 6/21/23 |
| ^ 22F2083 is ONLY for new WWDC M2 Macs | ||
| UniversalMac_13.4_22F66_Restore.ipsw | YES | 5/18/23 |
| UniversalMac_13.3.1_22E261_Restore.ipsw | YES | 4/07/23 |
| UniversalMac_13.3_22E252_Restore.ipsw | YES | 3/27/23 |
| UniversalMac_13.2.1_22D68_Restore.ipsw | YES | 2/13/23 |
| UniversalMac_13.2_22D49_Restore.ipsw | YES | 1/23/23 |
| UniversalMac_13.1_22C65_Restore.ipsw | YES | 12/13/22 |
| UniversalMac_13.0.1_22A400_Restore.ipsw | YES | 11/09/22 |
| UniversalMac_13.0_22A380_Restore.ipsw | YES | 10/24/22 |
4. Monterey Final M1 IPSW 固件
| macOS Monterey Final IPSW 下载地址 | Sign | Release |
| 12.6.1 is the final Monterey IPSW release. | ||
| UniversalMac_12.6.1_21G217_Restore.ipsw | YES | 11/01/22 |
| UniversalMac_12.6_21G115_Restore.ipsw | YES | 9/12/22 |
| UniversalMac_12.5.1_21G83_Restore.ipsw | YES | 8/17/22 |
| UniversalMac_12.5_21G72_Restore.ipsw | YES | 7/20/22 |
| UniversalMac_12.4_21F79_Restore.ipsw | YES | 5/16/22 |
| UniversalMac_12.4_21F2092_Restore.ipsw | YES | 6/16/22 |
| ^ (21F2092) is ONLY for 2022 M2 MB Air & 13″ Pro | ||
| UniversalMac_12.4_21F2081_Restore.ipsw | YES | 6/14/22 |
| ^ (21F2081) 2022 M2 Air & 13″ Pro Shipping build | ||
| UniversalMac_12.3.1_21E258_Restore.ipsw | YES | 03/31/22 |
| UniversalMac_12.3_21E230_Restore.ipsw | YES | 03/14/22 |
| UniversalMac_12.2.1_21D62_Restore.ipsw | YES | 02/10/22 |
| UniversalMac_12.2_21D49_Restore.ipsw | YES | 1/26/22 |
| UniversalMac_12.1_21C52_Restore.ipsw | YES | 12/13/21 |
| UniversalMac_12.0.1_21A559_Restore.ipsw | YES | 10/18/21 |
5. Big Sur Final IPSW 固件
| macOS Big Sur Final IPSW 下载地址 | Signed | Release |
| 11.6 is the final Big Sur IPSW release. | ||
| UniversalMac_11.6_20G165_Restore.ipsw | YES | 9/17/21 |
| UniversalMac_11.5.2_20G95_Restore.ipsw | YES | 8/11/21 |
| UniversalMac_11.5.1_20G80_Restore.ipsw | YES | 7/26/21 |
| UniversalMac_11.5_20G71_Restore.ipsw | YES | 7/19/21 |
| UniversalMac_11.4_20F71_Restore.ipsw | YES | 5/26/21 |
| UniversalMac_11.3.1_20E241_Restore.ipsw | YES | 5/03/21 |
| UniversalMac_11.3_20E232_Restore.ipsw | YES | 4/26/21 |
| UniversalMac_11.2.3_20D91_Restore.ipsw | YES | 3/08/21 |
| UniversalMac_11.2.2_20D80_Restore.ipsw | YES | 2/25/21 |
| UniversalMac_11.2.1_20D74_Restore.ipsw | YES | 2/09/21 |
| UniversalMac_11.2_20D64_Restore.ipsw | YES | 2/01/21 |
| UniversalMac_11.1_20C69_Restore.ipsw | YES | 12/14/20 |
| UniversalMac_11.0.1_20B29_Restore.ipsw | YES | 11/12/20 |
| UniversalMac_11.0_20A2411_Restore.ipsw | N/A | N/A |
6. macOS Ventura Beta IPSW 固件
7. Monterey Beta IPSW 固件
8. Big Sur Beta IPSW 固件
| macOS Big Sur 11 Beta 下载地址 | Signed | Release | GB Size |
| UniversalMac_11.5_RC_20G70_Restore.ipsw | YES | 7/13/21 | 13.0 |
| UniversalMac_11.4_20F5046g_Restore.ipsw | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| UniversalMac_11.3_20E217a_Restore.ipsw | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| UniversalMac_11.3_20E5172i_Restore.ipsw | YES | 2/02/21 | 13.87 |
| UniversalMac_11.2_20D62_Restore.ipsw RC2 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| UniversalMac_11.2_20D53_Restore.ipsw RC | N/A | 1/21/21 | 12.8 |
| UniversalMac_11.2_20D5042d_Restore.ipsw | YES | 1/13/21 | 12.8 |
| UniversalMac_11.2_20D5029f_Restore.ipsw | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| UniversalMac_11.1_20C5061b_Restore.ipsw | YES | 12/03/20 | 12.7 |
| UniversalMac_11.1_20C5048k_Restore.ipsw | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| UniversalMac_11.0.1_20B28_Restore.ipsw | N/A | 11/10/20 | N/A |
| UniversalMac_11.0.1_20B5022a_Restore.ipsw | N/A | 11/05/20 | 13.48 |
| UniversalMac_11.0.1_20B5012d_Restore.ipsw | N/A | 11/28/20 | 13.67 |
| UniversalMac_11.0_20A5395g_Restore.ipsw | N/A | 11/14/20 | 13.9 |
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